To rest in peace:
68. April 05, Murska Sobota (Slo), MIKK, with Majmoon (D)
67. April 04, Ljubljana (Slo), Menza pri koritu, Metelkova, with Majmoon (D)
65. Apil 03. Zareb (Cro), Kset, with Majmoon (D)
64. February 09, Donji Miholjac (Cro), Klub Katakomba, with...
63. February 08, Našice (Cro), Klub DRLOG
62. January 25, Rijeka (Cro), Teta Roža caffe, Doomsdaygig - this was a great show. A lot of people came, and made closing of a great place descent.
61. December
3, Zagreb, Kset, opening for David Yow and Qui
We were looking forward to this gig, becose of an silly idea of inviteing David
Yow to perform Cannibal of Scratch Acid with us. I must admit I was a lot more
excited when expecting will David agree to do taht or not, than playing with
him on stage. Well he agreed, and we did it, and it was OK, so now we can say
we played along with David Yow of Scratch Acid and David Yow of Jesus Lizard.
And Qui, thay can say that after every gig :) Well, we have some pics too, thanks
to online fanzine,
and you can read about the gig here
(on Croatian)
guess who - is this
60.
November 17, Zadar, Music University, w Hesus Attor & the Very Expensive
Porno Movie
We had many crazy shows in our lifetime. Some were crazy in funny way, some
in another. This one showed us how kool everything can be when things start
to go wrong or bad, but you keep on and on, and sudenly everithing is just right.
Allmost everething. But for all the audience that was not there, words are not
enough, so I won't bother too much writting..... get
- down - son - get
- down - son
59.
October 26. Rijeka, Stereo Dvorana, with Hesus Attor
I didn't enjoyed this one at all. It was sho shitty day, rain was falling like
it never fell before, the audience was too far away, the club itself has something
nopunkallowedhere, it was just a gig we could live without. And Zeljko was playing
turned backwards, argh...
58. August
11, Šibenik/Martinska(Cro), Martinska festival
Well, we'll record this one for a long time. At the begining, all looked pretty
OK. Big stage, great tone engeneer (Mr. Jakic, which made our sound at last
Mochvara gig). We lift our tendes, and althogh wheather was instable, and we
were afraid of rain, everything went pretty kool. We were drinking vine at clifs
abowe the sea, joking with nautic yachts that were going out to the see, even
some police boats, with policemen checkig us with binoculars, and saying HI.
The festival itself was a kombination of shitty metal bands, which suprised
us a bit, becose of well known reputation of Martinska fest as a PUNK FESTIVAL.
Anyway, we didn't pay much atention to those evil music, but it made us a little
nervous at last, becose it was really borring and monotone. Again, we was ment
to play last, I do not know why, but that was decided before we even came to
festival. When our turn came, we placed our equipement, started to play, and
even it was a little bit cold atmosfere, maybe becose we had clean guitars and
single bass drum, it was OK, with few fans in firs rows. But Kris was really
pised off with some audince from Zadar, which told him before our show that
they would not watch us, becose we play last, and they will be dead drunk until
our turn. Kris was yealing and swearing all the time between the songs, until
a rock flyed from the audience tu my head.... At firs I didn't realise what
happend, but after I saw Zeljkos facial expression, and a tone of blood all
over me and my guitar, I come to realise that somebody had enough of us. So,
we cut our show down with guitars turned on to the max and stuck in amps, and
Kris calling out on a fight everyone he found suspect, and with a great pain
in the head next day. Luckly, there was a young she doctor, who helped us, and
put some bondages on my bloody head, which prevented the need for visiting ER,
and whome I'd like to thank this way. What a nigh....
57. August
10, Knin (Cro), Caffe A3
This gig was something spetial. First, it was raining all day and all the way
to Knin. We had travel for some 8 hours. Even police which stoped us in Zeminik
was kind, and wasn't making us much trouble. A3 caffe is a great place, a little
club, with a little stage, and great audience, and greater boss. Jug treated
us like their's own, and we had really great time. The gig itself was a SSC
(smoke/sweat/chaos). Kris at one point found himself completly
naked, which was as suprising for us as it was for the public. Anyway, great
gig, and a great place.
56. July, 28, Prezid (CRO/SLO), Contra Dekorum Festival, School playground
55. July, 25-30, Rijeka, Studio "Ambulanta", recording material for second studio album
54.
May 19, Opatija, Opatijske Barufe Festival, Ljetna pozornica
This gig wasn't ment to be. Too bad, we were ordered to play last, to close
the festival, but Croatian police, sensibile to punk festivals, came and terminated
the festival at its bare and, just few minutes before we had to start. I love
this country. And I told them that!!!
53. Pivka (SLO), Club Æooza (prision), April 27, with Very Expensive Porno Movie
52. München (D), Glockenbachwerkstatt, March 17, with Trans Am(USA), and Verstarker(D)
51. Ljubljana (Slo), March 16, Menza - Metelkova, within some local fest with some six more bends
50. Rijeka (cro), March 15, Club Booka, with Pavijan Grivasti (Cro), and f.O.F (Cro)
49. "It's my Onehundredandeleventh birthday" tour with Figli di Bruno Aattomic, Zmanjana Dica & VeryExpensivePornoMovie
CANCELED. ***************************************** Feb 16, Rijeka (Cro), Club Booka
48. ******************************************* Feb. 17, Murska Sobota (SLO)
47. **************************************Feb 18, Zagreb (Cro) Caffe Spunk ""
45. Buzet (Cro), Club Boom, December 16, w Figli di Bruno Atomico (Cro)
44. Pula (CRO), Monte Paradiso, December 15, w Figli di Bruno Atomico (Cro), Very Expensive Porno Movie (Cro)
43. Koper (SLO), MKC, December 2nd 2006, with Jacuze (Italy)
42. Rijeka (Cro), MMC Palach, November 17 2006, with Hitch(Belgium)
41. Zareb (Cro), "Mochvara", November 9th 2006 (w/ 7 that spells & Pitch Pit)
40. Amsterdam(NL), "Occii", February 5th 2006 (w/Bent Moustache(NL))
39. Den Haag(NL), "Sczzi-Morlock", February 4th 2006 (w/Makazoruki(NL))
38. Den Helder(NL), "De Blixem", February 3rd 2006 (w/Gone Bald(NL))
37. Utrecht(NL), "DB's", February 2nd 2006 (w/Gone Bald(NL))
36. Rijeka, "Big Rock Mama", January 28th 2006
35. Festival Sezana, Sezana (SLO), July 22nd 2005
34. Kocka - Music-school yard, Zadar(HR), May, 2nd 2005 (w/Gone Bald(Amsterdam))
33. "Thirsty Ear Festival", KSET, Zagreb(HR), April, 15th 2005 (w/Peach Pit(Zg) and Polja Lavande(Zg))
32. "Second Anniversary of Shoto club", Shoto club, Izola (SLO), March, 19th 2005
31. Big Rock Mamma, Rijeka (HR), March, 18th 2005 (w/Lunar)
30. Mochvara, Zagreb(HR), (Komikaze exposition) December 22nd 2004 (w/ Mance(ZG))
29. Pregrada(HR), (Komikaze exposition) December
11th 2004
q - w - e
- r - t - z
- u - i - o
28. Safehouse, Krizevci(HR),(Komikaze exposition, w/ YesPes(Zg))
December 10th 2004
1 - 10 - 11
- 100 - 101 - 110
- 111 - 1000 - 1001
- 1010 - 1011 - 1100
- 1101 - 1110 - 1111
27. Fall in my town festival Music-school loby, Zadar(HR), November
28th 2004 (w/ Analena(Zg))
x - xx - xxx
- xy - xxy - xxxy
- yy
26. Metamedia club, ex-military barracks Karl Rojc, Pula (HR),
Friday, November 5th 2004
1 - 2 - 3 - 4
- 5 - 6
25. Club "Kocka", Split (HR), Saturday, October 16th
2004 (w/ Giht Shasie(St) and One Piece Puzzle(Ri))
un - deux - trois - quatre - cinq - six - sept - huit - neuf - dix - onze -
douze - treize - quatorze - quinze - seize - dix-sept - dix-huit - dix-neuf
- vingt - vingt l'un
24. Club "Orlando", Dubrovnik (HR), Saturday, October
9th 2004 (w/ Brizno Grilo(Zd))
null - eins - zwei
- drei - vier - fi?1nf
- sechs - sieben - acht
- neun - zehn
23. OKC "Abrasevic", Mostar (BiH), Friday, October 8th 2004 (w/ Brizno Grilo(Zd))
22. The Fifth HC-Punk Festival Martinska, Martinska (HR), August
14th 2004
ich - ni - san
- shi - go - ich+go
Cakovecko ljeto za mlade, Cakovec (HR), July 30th, 2004
odin - dva - tri
- cetyre - pjat' - sjest'
- sem' - vos'em - devjat'
– desjat'
This was not a [mandelbrot set] gig. There was a three-day festival in ÄOakovec
called "The ÄOakovec Summer for Youth" and it included different events:
street art and sk8ers, electronic music and punk-reggae concert. Karmakumulator
was invited to perform in the electronic part of the festival and so he asked
Pavle (that would be me) to join him for this gig. Karmakumulator's musical/sound
collage is very much free-noise, experimental-ambiental-industrial stuff. Its
soundscapes often sound modern, but are also inspired by industial pioneers
like Throbbing Gristle. So Igor (Karmakumulator) mainly used digital electronical
devices: sound samples on CD-player, signals with bunch of effects on notebook,
but he also used his strange device called Frequentor and an old radio. And
I was more like analog: I used my oddly tuned guitars, all the effects I possessed
(including Space Echo which was very useful for ambiental infinite repeats and
UFO-landing self-oscillation things) plugged into two amps. I also took many
interesting tools used for hitting and scratching guitar strings and one cool
device primarly used in psychological experiments: sine wave generator with
adjustable frequency and intensity. Our gig took place next to city park's fountain.
It looked like it would rain all evening, and it did, but eventually, just before
it all began, rain stopped. Surprisingly, gig turned out cool and 50 or more
people liked it. I was a little bit scared that sound-chaos in which nobody
knows what is actually going on would appear on stage. But, we prepared ourselves
and played more or less by following the plan. Gruuthaagy also performed that
night. It was Kukatz's digital-grind solo project and it sounded very interesting.
But I was a little bit disappointed because he didn't sing (except one song)
since I think voice is the most crucial thing for grind music. The last performer
of the night was Macc from GB. Macc is a producer and he performed live drumming
on recorded drum-and-bass music. This guy has quite amazing drumming skills
(at least for D&B music). Our host was DuA!ko. He was very friendly and
so were his parents and other people we met there. I hope I'll visit Cakovec
again. Hopefully with [mandelbrot set].
21. Club "Spirit", Rijeka (HR), June 4th 2004(w/Sjekire(Ri))
20. "Tesla" Cinema, A ibenik (HR), April 30th 2004
adin - dva - tri
- stir – pjat
19. Club "DHM", Zadar (HR), April 23rd 2004
adin - dva - tri
- stir - pjat
18. Club "BUM", Buzet (HR) April 3rd 2004 (w/Sjekire(Ri))
samo_jedna
17. Club "MKNZ", Ilirska Bistrica (SLO), April 2nd
2004
adin - dva - tri
- stir - pjat - sex
16. Festival "Metalom protiv maA!kara", Club "Tocka",
Rijeka (HR), March 13th 2004
mpm1 - mpm2 - mpm3
- mpm4 - mpm5 - mpm6
- mpm7 - mpm8 - mpm9
- mpm10 - mpm11 - mpm12
- mpm13 - mpm14 - mpm15
- mpm16 - mpm17 - mpm18
- mpm19
15. Club "Metelkova - Menza pri koritu", Ljubljana
(SLO), February 26th 2004
LJ1 - LJ2 - LJ3
- LJ4 - LJ5 - LJ6
- StageMaster - Chef Ivo
14. Club "Spirit", Rijeka (HR), November 14th 2003(w/Sjekire(Ri))
S1 - S2 - S3
- S4 - S5 - S6
- S7 - S8 - S9
- S10
Recording the first album at "Kocka", Split (HR), October 23rd-25th
2003
st1 - st2 - st3
- st4 - st5 - st6
- st7 - st8 - st9
- st10 - st11 - recording
master himself
13. Festival Sezana, Sezana (SLO), July 26th 2003
12. The First Rijeka Open Fest, Rijeka (HR), July 25th 2003
Our friend Radovic and his crowd from Rijeka organized this big open air festival.
There were lots of events, workshops and that kind of stuff, and there were
two stages - one in Rijeka's harbor and that is where "more known of"
or commercial bands gigged. Other stage was at the college's yard and that is
where "never heard of them", underground bands performed. We gigged
on the second stage, of course. When we were about to start some old guy with
acoustic guitar climbed up to the stage and started singing. I felt sorry for
him because crowd hated him and wanted him to go. When we started we felt really
good because we experienced acceptance from a larger mass for the first time
and not only from few lunatics. I think that the members of One Piece Puzzle,
whom we didn't know at that time, stood in front lines and were loudly approving
what we were doing. This was trigger for Kris to start his frantic "electrical"
performance which was to be improved to perfection with time and gigs that followed.
Few months later, Puzzle's bassist told Kris that this performance highly impressed
him and made him crazy for one week and Kris said then that this was, for sure,
one of the greatest compliments he has ever received. That night Father (Ri),
Stuff (Ri), Babies (Zg), PHC (Ri), Superhiks (MK) and Radical Dub Collective
(Zg) also performed. I don't really know what happens with this festival next
year but I heard that this one was financial fiasco. Too bad.
11. Festival drugajsne muzike, Trnje (SLO), July 19th 2003
ms1 - ms2 - ms3
- ms4 - ms5 - ms6
- ms7 - ms8 - ms9
- ms10 - ms11 - ms12
- ms13 - ms14 –
ms15
This was an open air fest in Slovenian countryside, near the town of Pivka.
We came there early so we enjoyed the whole day on meadow, played table soccer,
drank beer and listened to music. This time Kris had a brand new ID so there
were no troubles on the border. Bands that played that night were of different
genres. There was Bolesno Grinje - grind/crust core from Pula, some Italian
noise band whose name I forgot, Sensation, Slovenian free jazz band, Drugi Disco,
an interesting Slovenian post-etno-rock band and a few others. We had a relaxed
performance and the crowd was interested. There was one guy who looked like
Robert Smith and he freaked when he heard us. We met him again later on other
Slovenian gigs and he became our big fan. His name is Saso.
10. Club "MIKK", Murska Sobota (SLO), May 31st 2003 First, I have to explain what happened on Slovenian border. If a citizen of Croatia enters Slovenia he needs no passport but only an identification card due to bilateral agreement between the two countries. Kris is normally known as a negligent and a confused person but this time he outdid himself. His ID document was like it was left below running bulldozer, then lost in rain forest and finally found in alligator's anus. It was not valid because it gaped and his picture was dropping out of it. Of course, he had no passport so there was no way for him to enter Slovenia and that is what Slovenian border policeman said to him. During all that time he just sat in the car quietly and, actually, acted like mentally challenged person. He explained later that he sometimes uses this strategy when he is in trouble. Other members of the band were begging, crying, explaining, showing invitation fax from MIKK club, and then begging again for more than 20 minutes and, finally, a kind young Slovenian policeman let us pass. Phew! We had luck. Soon we arrived to Murska Sobota. Tomica was a cool guy in Turkish-flag-T-shirt who organized this gig for us in MIKK club. Murska Sobota is a small Slovenian town but has a good underground scene. We also met here Sai?1o, guitar player of a great local post-rock band called Manul. He is also the first guy I met that has Fender Toronado guitar beside me. Anyway, the band who played with us that night was Intimn Frizurn from Ljubljana. They played some sort of psychedelic funk and performed great technically, but did not impress me to much. I think it's me. I suppose I am not into pot-driven, "cool" music. We were loud that evening, at least some people say so. This was also the last MIKK concert of the season, not many people were in town at all so the crowd was not numerous. And during the gig, those less courageous left the auditorium, so there were maybe 10 people at the end of concert. We spent the night at Tomica's place and we had the opportunity to listen to recording of the concert which was muddy and unclear due to our loudness. And this, together with the fact that some people left the gig was to become a big argument about how loud and noisy are we supposed to be, especially between Sai?1a "Sahiib" the drummer, and me, and to cause much of his bullshitting during next few months. Today, we are after it and we are still loud and noisy. Anyway, I think we performed quite solid there, but because of all the shit that succeeded I still have a bitter taste in my mouth when I think of this gig. Maybe we should gig there again to wash that taste away.
9. "SafeHouse", KriA3evci (HR), May 30th 2003
K1 - K2 - K3
- K4 - K5 - K6
- K7 - K8 - K9
– K10
This one was out first two-concert-mini-tour. "Safehouse" is like
some mulitimedial/internet/gig place in KriA3evci. We played a gig together
with local classic-hard-rock band called Anđeli whose frontman/lead guitarist
me and Raul knew virtually from internet forums. I suppose that gig was OK.
Some liked us and some ran away ahead of the wall of noise. Later, backstage,
we gave an interview to the local radio-station that was complete fiasco because
we were acting like complete but benevolent morons. But then again so did the
interviewers, so I suppose it was kind of fun. We spent the night at Matija's.
Tomorrow, after long breakfast we departed for Murska Sobota.
8. Decade of Digression: 10 Years of No Comment, Club "Kocka",
Split (HR), May 24th 2003 (W/No Comment (ST), Gone Bald(NL), Will To Fail(St)
Igor AKA Karmakumulator organized this one and invited us to play in club "Kocka"
again. It was a nice occasion: No Comment, a legendary post HC-punk band from
Split and good friends of ours celebrated their 10th birthday. But another nice
thing is that this event was going to become Split's first noise festival. The
second one was held many months later, but was more experimental/eletronical
ect. No Comment had a new singer and he suited very well. Besides No Comment
and [mandelbrot set], two other great bands performed: a legendary Croatian-Dutch
noise rock band Gone Bald and Igor's noise band Will To Fail. It was a great
night for everybody played great. Gone Bald had an amazing sound and it was
a joy to listen to them. We hang out together later. It was a pleasure to meet
Ico AKA Razorblade Jr. of Gone Bald.
7. The Tenth Prvomajski juriA! Festival, Pula-A tinjan (HR), May 3rd 2003
Dejo, a member of Fakofbolan (Pu) and
organization "Distorzija" invited us to play at this festival which
obviously has a long tradition. When you translate its name to English it literally
means "May Day Rush". It is, basically, a punk festival which takes
place at an interesting location - an old Austro-Hungarian fortress in i?1tinjan
- one of many around Pula. We spent nice afternoon there, but problems started
with the beginning of the sound check. One guitar amplifier has had a blown
speaker since last night and the guy who worked on mix console had an idea to
use just its preamp and to plug it directly into PA. We didn't like the idea,
so we drove quickly to Pula with one kind guy who offered to lend us his amp
and cabinet, both of them situated at his band's rehearsal place. This ride
was like rally race because the concert was about to start and a large part
of the road was nothing but macadam. But we succeeded to come back in time for
the concert. Gig was great and the crowd liked us a lot. Many of them showed
interest in buying our music if we had any of it released. Another nice thing
was that we met Ivo, a member of Slovenian great band A1oambo A1oet Workestrao,
who really liked us and who was later responsible for some of our gigs in Slovenia.
Kris also gave an radio interview but it was never broadcasted. Other performers
were legendary Franci BlaA!ković and his "Partijska ćelija" (which
is a communist term meaning "party cell"), Fakofbolan (Pu) and Dilber
band (Pu, I think). We drank a lot that night and when it was time to leave
Raul just fell asleep, so I had to drive all the way to Rijeka. Fucker. Raul,
not me.
6. "Crtaona", Sibenik (HR), March 3rd 2003 (w/Breed(St))
- 1 - 2 - 3
- 4 -
Raul got sick 2 days before this gig and the band had a long discussion whether
we sholud play it without a member or not. Finally, we decided to play the gig
only because our good friend Jorde was organizing it and we didn't want to spoil
it for him. Raul was slightly pissed off when he heard about it, but soon he
realized it was OK. I was happy I managed to invite Breed, Igor's emo-core band
from Split to play with us. Gig went nice in a relaxed athmosphere. We played
well as [subset] again. By the way, "Crtaona" means "drawing
room" or "classroom for art lectures" which is not some sort
of a metaphore - it really is a classroom in a real school. A ibenik's "KumaA!in"
organization used this classroom on Saturdays for gigs at that time.
5. The Third NNC3 Festival, Knin (HR), March 1st 2003
Bukadojaja - BurnItClean
- Unleash_the_Chreast - Hough
- mandelbrot_set - Noise1
- Raul &_Chris - Chris_& Pavle
- Sale - Noise2 I
really appreciate any attempts trying to turn shitty communities into more pleasant
places by organizing urban and civil events for young people such are rock concerts.
That is what Knin's HUK organization is trying to do. They really treated us
nice there. Gig was organized in an elemetary school gym. It was funny and scarry
at the same time to see so many policemen there. Another funny thing was to
see so many young, pre-teen childern at the concert. I suppose that the town's
complete under-25 population was there. The whole event was divided in three
sections: rock, hip-hop and rave. We gigged together with Yannia's Mother (A
i), Äýÿubrivo (St) and Lesinari (Du). I really liked LeA!inari. They didn't
quite show technical perfection, but they had heart and were like some sick
combination of old Zabranjeno PuA!enje and Elvis Presley. After the rock part
ended, hip-hoppers from Zagreb came on stage and all the childen rushed to the
front lines. And the funny thing was that they actually acted like spoiled rock
stars in front of those children. All I can say is that their music is nothing
but a bunch of chickenshit with stupid, machist, I-am-so-cool, I-saw-it-on-MTV
poses. Maybe they actually thought all that security there was for them? All
modern hip-hoppers sholud be shut to death and especially those from Zagreb.
Anyway, this was Raul's first gig with [mandelbrot] and this was my first gig
with Raul after so many years.
4. Crikvenica open-stage (HR), December 30th, 2002
Do you know what it is like to play an open air concert one night before New
Year's Eve? Well, it is cold and, also, there are good chances it will rain
if you try to do it somewhere in Kvarner gulf. And we had rain. Actually, I
think of it as a counter-concert because we didn't play at all. We played only
two songs during sound check. The sad thing was that we were the only band that
didn't play. All others succeeded: Talisman (Ri), Sake (Pu), Grad (Ri). And
rain started when Grad was reaching the last minutes of their performace. I
liked listening to Grad again but maybe that was just some high-school-nostalgia-shit
because they were one of the most typical Rijeka bands at that time. One interesting
thing was that Grad's keyboardist showed great interest in our music. Well,
many months later we will find out he is the vocalist of One Piece Puzzle (Ri),
a great band whose members became good friends of ours.
3. "DOM" (to become club "Kocka"), Split
(HR), October 26th, 2002
This one we did as a trio for Drago had left the band a week before. There is
more than one explanation why he did it. I am still not sure was it because
of music style, band's atmosphere or laziness. Anyway, it was mutillated [mandelbrot
subset] but still a gig to remember. We were really grateful to Narantxa (of
Polja Lavande) and Igor (AKA Karmakumulator) for they invited us to play and
didn't even ask for any recordings (which we of course didn't have at that time).
I guess they were really curious to hear "noise band from Zadar" (imagine
that!). But they liked us and after the gig we had a long talk about music and
became good friends that evening. We shared stage with Polja Lavande (St-Zg)
and No Comment (St) and each of them made great performace. Polja's instrumetal-japanese
style-math-noise performance was like frantic bulldozer, and No Comment also
did great show in their 90's indie style. Oleg, No Comment's vocalist/bassist,
said later that they were gonna find a new vocalist because he felt more like
bass player than vocalist. When we gigged, a few people from the crowd really
wanted us to play a song more, so finally we played Stooges' classic "Wanna
be your dog". Many months later, Narantxa heard that we aquired fuzz pedals,
so now he wants us to play this song for him at the next gig he attends.
2. The Third HC-Punk Festival Jadrija, Martinska (HR), August
9th, 2002
This was our second gig and the last one with Drago. A great festival. Punks
liked our kinky music but had slight problems with irregular rhythms. It was
hard to jump and dance punks' way while listening to them. We played on the
first evening of the fest. Pasi (Ri), Nula (A i), AK-47 (KA3), and Cathode (H)
played on the same evening. It was nice to hang out with Jordan (of Nula/Disaster)
who was one of the fest organizers and who actually invited us.
1. "DHM", Zadar (HR), June 2002
This was [mandelbrot set]'s first gig. We were actually intruders. It was just
one of many shitty events in Zadar where local bands try to impress local chicks.
A member of the hip-hop duet Dirthee Three Ratz that gigged that night knew
us and invited us to play. We played only 4 tracks in about 15-20 minutes. Most
of the people in the crowd were confused but some metalheads liked us. Three
of us also played music basis for hip-hoppers. I guess that was a part of the
deal.
All event reviews by Pavle Valerjev.